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Global Carbon Budget
Publications

Papers, Contributors and how to cite Global Carbon Budget 2022

The primary reference for Carbon Budget 2022 is:

Global Carbon Budget 2022, by Pierre Friedlingstein, Michael O'Sullivan, Matthew W. Jones, Robbie M. Andrew, Luke Gregor, Judith Hauck, Corinne Le Quéré, Ingrid T. Luijkx, Are Olsen, Glen P. Peters, Wouter Peters, Julia Pongratz, Clemens Schwingshackl, Stephen Sitch, Josep G. Canadell, Philippe Ciais, Robert B. Jackson, Simone R. Alin, Ramdane Alkama, Almut Arneth, Vivek K. Arora, Nicholas R. Bates, Meike Becker, Nicolas Bellouin, Henry C. Bittig, Laurent Bopp, Frédéric Chevallier, Louise P. Chini, Margot Cronin, Wiley Evans, Stefanie Falk, Richard A. Feely, Thomas Gasser, Marion Gehlen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Lucas Gloege, Giacomo Grassi, Nicolas Gruber, Özgür Gürses, Ian Harris, Matthew Hefner, Richard A. Houghton, George C. Hurtt, Yosuke Iida, Tatiana Ilyina, Atul K. Jain, Annika Jersild, Koji Kadono, Etsushi Kato, Daniel Kennedy, Kees Klein Goldewijk, Jürgen Knauer, Jan Ivar Korsbakken, Peter Landschützer, Nathalie Lefèvre, Keith Lindsay, Junjie Liu, Zhu Liu, Gregg Marland, Nicolas Mayot, Matthew J. McGrath, Nicolas Metzl, Natalie M. Monacci, David R. Munro, Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka, Yosuke Niwa, Kevin O'Brien, Tsuneo Ono, Paul I. Palmer, Naiqing Pan, Denis Pierrot, Katie Pocock, Benjamin Poulter, Laure Resplandy, Eddy Robertson, Christian Rödenbeck, Carmen Rodriguez, Thais M. Rosan, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Jamie D. Shutler, Ingunn Skjelvan, Tobias Steinhoff, Qing Sun, Adrienne J. Sutton, Colm Sweeney, Shintaro Takao, Toste Tanhua, Pieter P. Tans, Xiangjun Tian, Hanqin Tian, Bronte Tilbrook, Hiroyuki Tsujino, Francesco Tubiello, Guido R. van der Werf, Anthony P. Walker, Rik Wanninkhof, Chris Whitehead, Anna Willstrand Wranne, Rebecca Wright,Wenping Yuan, Chao Yue, Xu Yue, Sönke Zaehle, Jiye Zeng, and Bo Zheng (2022), Earth System Science Data, 14, 4811–4900, 2022, DOI: 10.5194/essd-14-4811-2022.

Contact lead author: Pierre Friedlingstein

Otherwise please refer as: Global Carbon Project (2022) Carbon budget and trends 2022. [www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget] published on 11 November 2022, along with any other original peer-reviewed papers and data sources as appropriate.

Access to paper

For data sources refer to Data.

Contributors to Global Carbon Budget 2022

  • Pierre Friedlingstein (Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK and Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure/Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, 75231, France)
  • Michael O'Sullivan (Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK)
  • Matthew W. Jones (Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK)
  • Robbie M. Andrew (CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo 0349, Norway)
  • Luke Gregor (Environmental Physics Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics and Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM), ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland)
  • Judith Hauck (Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Postfach 120161, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany)
  • Corinne Le Quéré (Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK)
  • Ingrid T. Luijkx (Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands)
  • Are Olsen (Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway)
  • Glen P. Peters (CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo 0349, Norway)
  • Wouter Peters (Environmental Sciences Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands and Centre for Isotope Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands)
  • Julia Pongratz (Department für Geographie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany and Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany)
  • Clemens Schwingshackl (Department für Geographie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany)
  • Stephen Sitch (Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK)
  • Josep G. Canadell (CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia)
  • Philippe Ciais (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France)
  • Robert B. Jackson (Department of Earth System Science, Woods Institute for the Environment, and Precourt Institute for Energy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305–2210, USA)
  • Simone R. Alin (National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA/PMEL), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA)
  • Ramdane Alkama (Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy)
  • Almut Arneth (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Atmospheric Environmental Research, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany)
  • Vivek K. Arora (Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Climate Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada)
  • Nicholas R. Bates (Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), 17 Biological Lane, St. Georges, GE01, Bermuda and Department of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK)
  • Meike Becker (Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway)
  • Nicolas Bellouin (Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6BB, UK)
  • Henry C. Bittig (Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende (IOW), Seestrasse 15, 18119 Rostock, Germany)
  • Laurent Bopp (Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace, CNRS, Ecole Normale Supérieure/Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, 75231, France)
  • Frédéric Chevallier (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France)
  • Louise P. Chini (Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)
  • Margot Cronin (Marine Institute, Galway, Ireland)
  • Wiley Evans (Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC, Canada)
  • Stefanie Falk (Department für Geographie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Luisenstr. 37, 80333 München, Germany)
  • Richard A. Feely (National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA/PMEL), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA)
  • Thomas Gasser (International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Schlossplatz 1, 2361 Laxenburg, Austria)
  • Marion Gehlen (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France)
  • Thanos Gkritzalis (Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOceanSite, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium)
  • Lucas Gloege (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory and Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA and Open Earth Foundation, Marina del Rey, CA 90292, USA)
  • Giacomo Grassi (Joint Research Centre, European Commission, 21027 Ispra (VA), Italy)
  • Nicolas Gruber (Environmental Physics Group, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics and Center for Climate Systems Modeling (C2SM), ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland)
  • Özgür Gürses (Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Postfach 120161, 27515 Bremerhaven, Germany)
  • Ian Harris (NCAS-Climate, Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK)
  • Matthew Hefner (Research Institute for Environment, Energy, and Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA and Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA)
  • Richard A. Houghton (Woodwell Climate Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA)
  • George C. Hurtt (Department of Geographical Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA)
  • Yosuke Iida (Atmosphere and Ocean Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105-8431, Japan)
  • Tatiana Ilyina (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany)
  • Atul K. Jain (Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61821, USA)
  • Annika Jersild (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany)
  • Koji Kadono (Atmosphere and Ocean Department, Japan Meteorological Agency, Minato-Ku, Tokyo 105-8431, Japan)
  • Etsushi Kato (Institute of Applied Energy (IAE), Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0003, Japan)
  • Daniel Kennedy (National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics, Terrestrial Sciences Section, Boulder, CO 80305, USA)
  • Kees Klein Goldewijk (Department IMEW, Faculty of Geosciences, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 2, P.O. Box 80115, 3508 TC, Utrecht, the Netherlands)
  • Jürgen Knauer (Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia and Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia)
  • Jan Ivar Korsbakken (CICERO Center for International Climate Research, Oslo 0349, Norway)
  • Peter Landschützer (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, 20146 Hamburg, Germany and Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOceanSite, Jacobsenstraat 1, 8400, Ostend, Belgium)
  • Nathalie Lefèvre (LOCEAN/IPSL laboratory, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, 75252, France)
  • Keith Lindsay (National Center for Atmospheric Research, Climate and Global Dynamics, Oceanography Section, Boulder, CO 80305, USA)
  • Junjie Liu (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA)
  • Zhu Liu (Department of Earth System Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China)
  • Gregg Marland (Research Institute for Environment, Energy, and Economics, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA and Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA)
  • Nicolas Mayot (Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK)
  • Matthew J. McGrath (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France)
  • Nicolas Metzl (LOCEAN/IPSL laboratory, Sorbonne Université, CNRS/IRD/MNHN, Paris, 75252, France)
  • Natalie M. Monacci (University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, P.O. Box 757220, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220, USA)
  • David R. Munro (Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305, USA and National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Global Monitoring Laboratory (NOAA/GML), Boulder, CO 80305, USA)
  • Shin-Ichiro Nakaoka (Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)
  • Yosuke Niwa (Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan and Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia)
  • Kevin O'Brien (Cooperative Institute for Climate, Ocean and Ecosystem Studies (CICOES), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA and National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA/PMEL), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA)
  • Tsuneo Ono (Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan)
  • Paul I. Palmer (National Centre for Earth Observation, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, UK and School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FE, UK)
  • Naiqing Pan (College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA and Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA)
  • Denis Pierrot (National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory (NOAA/AOML), Miami, FL 33149, USA)
  • Katie Pocock (Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC, Canada)
  • Benjamin Poulter (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA)
  • Laure Resplandy (Princeton University, Department of Geosciences and Princeton Environmental Institute, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA)
  • Eddy Robertson (Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter EX1 3PB, UK)
  • Christian Rödenbeck (Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, P.O. Box 600164, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany)
  • Carmen Rodriguez (University of Miami, RSMAS, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA)
  • Thais M. Rosan (Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK)
  • Jörg Schwinger (NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen, Norway and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway)
  • Roland Séférian (CNRM, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, Toulouse, 31057, France)
  • Jamie D. Shutler (Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK)
  • Ingunn Skjelvan (NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Jahnebakken 5, 5007 Bergen, Norway and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway)
  • Tobias Steinhoff (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany)
  • Qing Sun (Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland)
  • Adrienne J. Sutton (National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA/PMEL), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA)
  • Colm Sweeney (National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Global Monitoring Laboratory (NOAA/GML), Boulder, CO 80305, USA)
  • Shintaro Takao (Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)
  • Toste Tanhua (GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, 24105 Kiel, Germany)
  • Pieter P. Tans (National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Global Monitoring Laboratory (NOAA GML), Boulder, CO 80305, USA and Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA)
  • Xiangjun Tian (State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources (TPESER), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China)
  • Hanqin Tian (Schiller Institute for Integrated Science and Society, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA)
  • Bronte Tilbrook (CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, P.O. Box 1538, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia and Australian Antarctic Partnership Program, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia)
  • Hiroyuki Tsujino (Meteorological Research Institute, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052, Japan)
  • Francesco Tubiello (Statistics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via Terme di Caracalla, Rome 00153, Italy)
  • Guido R. van der Werf (Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 Amsterdam, the Netherlands)
  • Anthony P. Walker (Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA)
  • Rik Wanninkhof (National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory (NOAA/AOML), Miami, FL 33149, USA)
  • Chris Whitehead (Sitka Tribe of Alaska, 456 Katlian Street, Sitka, AK 99835, USA)
  • Anna Willstrand Wranne (Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Sven Källfeltsgata 15, 426 68 Västra Frölunda, Sweden)
  • Rebecca Wright (Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK)
  • Wenping Yuan (School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 510245, China)
  • Chao Yue (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China)
  • Xu Yue (School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 211544, China)
  • Sönke Zaehle (Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, P.O. Box 600164, Hans-Knöll-Str. 10, 07745 Jena, Germany)
  • Jiye Zeng (Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan)
  • Bo Zheng (Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China)
  • Atlas Team Members at LSCE, France
  • P Ciais | A Peregon | P Brockmann
  • Communications Team
  • N Hawtin | K Mansell | J Walton | E Pihl